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NCERT Solutions Science for Class 8 Chapter 5 COAL AND PETROLEUM

class8 science Chapter 5

NCERT Solutions Science for Class 8 Chapter 5 COAL AND PETROLEUM

science for class 8 Chapter 5 question answer

1. What are the advantages of using CNG and LPG as fuels?
Answer : It is now being used as a fuel for transport vehicles because it is less polluting. It is a cleaner fuel. The great advantage of CNG is that it can be used directly for burning in homes and factories where it can be supplied through pipes.

2. Name the petroleum product used for surfacing of roads.
Answer : Bitumen is used for road construction.

3. Describe how coal is formed from dead vegetation. What is this process called?
Answer : About 300 million years ago the earth had dense forests in low lying wetland areas. Due to natural processes, like flooding, these forests got buried under the soil. As more soil deposited over them, they were compressed. The temperature also rose as they sank deeper and deeper. Under high pressure and high temperature, dead plants got slowly converted to coal. As coal contains mainly carbon, the slow process of conversion of dead vegetation into coal is called carbonisation. Since it was formed from the remains of vegetation, coal is also called a fossil fuel.

4. Fill in the blanks.
(a) Fossil fuels are ______ , ______ and ______.
(b) Process of separation of different constituents from petroleum is called ______.
(c) Least polluting fuel for vehicle is ______.
Answer :
(a) Fossil fuels are coal, petroleum and natural gas.
(b) Process of separation of different constituents from petroleum is called refining.
(c) Least polluting fuel for vehicle is CNG.

5. Tick True/False against the following statements.

	(a)	Fossil fuels can be made in the laboratory.	(T/F)
	(b)	CNG is more polluting fuel than petrol.	(T/F)
	(c)	Coke is almost pure form of carbon.	(T/F)
	(d)	Coal tar is a mixture of various substances.	(T/F)
	(e)	Kerosene is not a fossil fuel.	(T/F)

Answer :

	(a)	Fossil fuels can be made in the laboratory.	(F)
	(b)	CNG is more polluting fuel than petrol.	(F)
	(c)	Coke is almost pure form of carbon.	(T)
	(d)	Coal tar is a mixture of various substances.	(T)
	(e)	Kerosene is not a fossil fuel.	(F)

6. Explain why fossil fuels are exhaustible natural resources.
Answer : We know that coal and petroleum are fossil fuels. It takes millions of years for their formation to change from dead organisms to fuel. Apart from this, its known reserves are only going to last a few hundred years. Once used, they cannot be used again. Therefore, it is necessary that we use these fuels only when it is absolutely necessary.

7. Describe characteristics and uses of coke.
Answer : Characteristics of Coke: It is a hard, porous and fine material. It is an almost pure form of carbon.
Uses of Coke: Coke is used in the industrial manufacture of steel and in the extraction of many metals.

8. Explain the process of formation of petroleum.
Answer : These were formed from the dead remains of living organisms (fossils). So, these are all known as fossil fuels.
Petroleum was formed from organisms living in the sea. As these organisms died, their bodies settled at the bottom of the sea and got covered with layers of sand and clay. Over millions of years, absence of air, high temperature and high pressure transformed the dead organisms into petroleum and natural gas.

9. The following Table shows the total power shortage in India from 1991–1997. Show the data in the form of a graph. Plot shortage percentage for the years on the Y-axis and the year on the X-axis.

S. No.	Year	Shortage (%)
1	2004	7.8
2	2005	8.6
3	2006	9.0
4	2007	9.5
5	2008	9.9
6	2009	11.2
7	2010	10.0

Answer :